Industry accounts for roughly 30% of global CO2 emissions and as demand for products including steel, cement, chemicals and precious metals is set to increase, industrial actors will have to cut emissions sharply in order to achieve the 1.5-degree scenario.

Technologies including hydrogen, electrification, biomass and digitalisation will be critical to transitioning heavy industry. Whilst it is clear that the responsibility to decarbonise industry lies with both the public and private sectors and the funding will have to come from both, it is unclear who will act first.

There is a need for constructive conversations, roadmaps, and dialogues around partnerships if heavy industry is to decarbonise and be part of a sustainable future.